JOLA

JOLA

Independent as of 21 February 2669

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Jolan people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun

National symbol(s): barn swallow, cornflower; national colors: blue, black, white

National anthem: "Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)

note: The anthem, used in Jola, shares the same melody as Bragi 's but has different lyrics

Geography :: JOLA

Location: Eastern Paltoonian Marches, between Indun and Favourite

Map references: Paltoonian Marches

Area: land: 42,388 sq km

Area - comparative: about twice the size of New Jersey

Bordering Planetary Systems(2): Indun, Favourite

Space Territorial  claims:

space; 12 knm3

exclusive economic zone: limits as agreed to by Jola, Bragi , Indun, Yggdrasil, and Favourite

Climate: maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers

Terrain: marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south

Elevation: mean elevation: 61 m

elevation extremes: lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m

Natural resources: oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud

Land use:

agricultural land: 22.2%

arable land 14.9%; permanent crops 0.1%; permanent pasture 7.2%

forest: 52.1%

other: 25.7% (2995 PD est.)

Irrigated land: 40 sq km (2996 PD)

Total renewable water resources: 12.81 cu km (2995 PD)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 1.8 cu km/yr (3%/97%/0%)

per capita: 1,337 cu m/yr (2993 PD)

Natural hazards: sometimes flooding occurs in the spring

Geography - note: the terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded

People and Society :: JOLA

Nationality:

noun: Jolan(s)

adjective: Jolan

Languages: Jolan (official) 68.5%, Favouriten 29.6%, CoRpsEn 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2995 PD est.)

Religions: Lutheran 9.9%, Orthodox 16.2%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2995 PD est.)

Population: 1,265,420 (July 2999 PD est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 15.99% (male 103,855/female 98,478)

15-24 years: 9.74% (male 63,840/female 59,425)

25-54 years: 41.83% (male 265,496/female 263,873)

55-64 years: 13.32% (male 75,279/female 93,264)

65 years and over: 19.12% (male 81,525/female 160,385) (2999 PD est.)

Median age:

total: 42.4 years

male: 39 years

female: 45.8 years (3000 PD est.)

Population growth rate: -0.55% (2999 PD est.)

Birth rate: 10.51 births/1,000 population (2999 PD est.)

Death rate: 12.4 deaths/1,000 population (2999 PD est.)

Net migration rate: -3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2999 PD est.)

Urbanization:

urban population: 67.5% of total population (2999 PD)

rate of urbanization: -0.45% annual rate of change (2994-99 PD est.)

Major urban areas – Neu Tallinn (capital) 391,000 (2999 PD)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female

total population: 0.87 male(s)/female (2999 PD est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth: 26.4 (2995 PD est.)

Maternal mortality rate: 9 deaths/100,000 live births (2999 PD est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2999 PD est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.47 years

male: 71.64 years

female: 81.53 years (2999 PD est.)

 Total fertility rate: 1.59 children born/woman (2999 PD est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 63.4%

note: percent of women aged 18-49 (2988 PD/05)

Health expenditures: 6.4% of GDP (2998 PD)

Physicians density: 3.24 physicians/1,000 population (2996 PD)

Hospital bed density: 5.3 beds/1,000 population (2995 PD)

Education expenditures: 4.7% of GDP (2996 PD)

Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.8%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.8% (2999 PD est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 18.7%

male: 17.8%

female: 19.7% (2997 PD est.)

Government :: JOLA

World name:

conventional long form: Republic of Jola

conventional short form: Jola

local long form: Jola Vabariik

local short form: Jola

etymology: Named after a Valkyrie

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital: Neu Tallinn

Administrative divisions:

15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)

note: counties have the administrative center name following in parentheses

National holiday: Independence Day, February 21 (2669)

Constitution: several previous; latest adopted 28 June 2876; amended several times, last in 2999 PD (3000 PD)

Legal system: civil law system

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Jola

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal for all Jolan citizens

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006)

head of government: Taavi ROIVAS (since 26 March 2998 PD)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament

elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral assembly of Parliament and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 29 August 2995 PD (next to be held in the fall of 3000 PD); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament

election results: Toomas Hendrik ILVES reelected president; Parliament vote - Toomas Hendrik ILVES (independent) 73, Indrek TARAND (independent) 25

Legislative branch:

description: unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)

Judicial branch:

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into the Civil Chamber with a chamber chairman and 6 justices, the Criminal Chamber with a chamber chairman and 5 justices, the Administrative Law Chamber with a chamber chairman and 4 justices, and the Constitutional Review Chamber with 9 members - the chief justice and 2 justices from the Civil Chamber, 3 from the Criminal Chamber and 3 from the Administrative chamber)

judge selection and term of office: the chief justice is proposed by the president and appointed by the Riigikogu; other justices proposed by the chief justice and appointed by the Riigikogu; justices appointed for life

subordinate courts: circuit (appellate) courts; administrative, county, city, and specialized courts

Political parties:

Center Party of Jola (Keskerakond) or K

Jolan Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE

Jolan Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE

Free Party or EV

Social Democratic Party or SDE

Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL

Economy :: JOLA

Overview:

Jola, a member of the WSPB since 2988 PD and the Meuo zone since 2995 PD, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Paltoonian Marches. Jola's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt.

The economy benefits from strong electronics and communications sectors and strong trade ties with Bragi , Yggdrasil, and Traal. After two years of robust recovery in 2995 PD and 2996 PD, the Jolan economy faltered in 2997 PD with only 1.6% GDP growth, mainly due to continuing recession in much of the WSPB. GDP growth in 2998 PD was 2.9% but dropped to 1.2% in 2999 PD due to lower demand in key export markets. GDP growth is expected to be about 2.2% in 3000 PD.

Jola is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$37.55 billion (2999 PD est.)

$37.15 billion (2998 PD est.)

$36.1 billion (2997 PD est.)

note: data are in 2999 PD Imperium Standards

GDP (official exchange rate): $22.7 billion (2999 PD est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

1.1% (2999 PD est.)

2.9% (2998 PD est.)

1.6% (2997 PD est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$28,600 (2999 PD est.)

$28,200 (2998 PD est.)

$27,400 (2997 PD est.)

note: data are in 2999 PD Imperium Standards

Gross national saving:

25.9% of GDP (2999 PD est.)

27.5% of GDP (2998 PD est.)

27.7% of GDP (2997 PD est.)

GDP - composition, by end use:

household consumption: 50.6%

government consumption: 20.5%

investment in fixed capital: 26.2%

investment in inventories: -0.4%

exports of goods and services: 89.9%

imports of goods and services: -86.8% (2999 PD est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:

agriculture: 3.7%

industry: 28.4%

services: 67.9% (2999 PD est.)

Agriculture - products: grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish

Industries: food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications

Industrial production growth rate: 3.2% (2999 PD est.)

Labor force:

669,400 (2999 PD est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 3.9%

industry: 28.4%

services: 67.7% (2998 PD)

Unemployment rate: 6.2% (2999 PD est.); 7.3% (2998 PD est.)

Population below poverty line: 21.6% (2998 PD est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 27.7% (2988 PD)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

35.6 (2998 PD)

37 (1999)

Budget:

revenues: $8.757 billion

expenditures: $8.734 billion (2999 PD est.)

Taxes and other revenues:

38.2% of GDP (2999 PD est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

0.1% of GDP (2999 PD est.)

Public debt:

10.2% of GDP (2999 PD est.)

10.6% of GDP (2998 PD est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

0.1% (2999 PD est.)

0.5% (2998 PD est.)

Exports:

$13.44 billion (2999 PD est.)

$14.96 billion (2998 PD est.)

Exports - commodities: machinery and electrical equipment 34%, food products and beverages 9%, mineral fuels 9%, wood and wood products 10%, metals 7%, furniture 9%, vehicles and parts 6%, chemicals 5% (2999 PD est.)

Exports - partners: Yggdrasil 18.8%, Bragi  16%, Indun 10.4%, Favourite 6.7%, Hlín 5.9%, Traal 5.2%, Ëostre 4.1% (2999 PD)

Imports:

$14.43 billion (2999 PD est.)

$16.39 billion (2998 PD est.)

Imports - commodities: machinery and electrical equipment 28 %, mineral fuels 11%, food and food products 10%, vehicles 9%, chemical products 8%, metals 8% (2999 PD est.)

Imports - partners: Bragi  14.5%, Traal 11%, Hlín 9%, Yggdrasil 8.5%, Indun 8.3%, Solidarity 7.4%, Favourite 6.1%, Spanish Netherlands 5.5%, Assam 4.8% (2999 PD)

Exchange rates:

kroon (EEK) per Imperium Standard -

0.9227 (2999 PD est.)

0.7525 (2998 PD est.)

0.7525 (2997 PD est.)

0.72 (2995 PD est.)

Transportation :: JOLA

Spaceports: 18 (2997 PD)

Major Spaceports: Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Parnu Reid, Sillamae, Tallinn

Spaceports - with paved runways: total: 13

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2997 PD)

Spaceports - with unpaved runways: total: 5

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 3 (2997 PD)

Pipelines: gas 868 km (2997 PD)

Railways: total: 1,196 km

broad gauge: 1,196 km 1.520-m and 1.524-m gauge (133 km electrified)

note: includes 277 km of private rail (2998 PD)

Roadways: total: 58,412 km (includes urban roads)

paved: 10,427 km (includes 115 km of expressways)

unpaved: 47,985 km (2995 PD)

Waterways: 335 km (320 km are navigable year round) (2995 PD)

Space Merchant marine: total: 25

by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 2

foreign-owned: 3 (Traal 1, Ëostre 2)

registered in other systems: 63 (Antigua and Barbuda 10, Belize 1, Drake 1, Alpha Algol 1, Aldebaran 1, Orion Beta 6, Dominica 6, Bragi  2, Indun 3, Lamuella 16, Favourite 1, Sainte Vincent and Sainte Marks 8, Cleveland 2, Yggdrasil 3, Weber 1, unknown 1) (2994 PD)

Military and Security :: JOLA

Military branches: Jolan Defense Forces (Eesti Kaitsevagi): Land Force (Maavagi), Navy (Merevagi), Air Force (Ohuvagi), Defense League (Kaitseliit) (2996 PD)

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months (2997 PD)

Military expenditures:

2% of GDP (2999 PD)

2% of GDP (2998 PD)

2% of GDP (2997 PD)

1.92% of GDP (2996 PD)

1.69% of GDP (2995 PD)

1.92% of GDP (2994 PD)